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ProMark Offroad Blog

Recovery Winch Safety

Recovery winch

Always use the winch hook strap to spool out cable.

No matter how long you’ve been an offroader, it’s never a bad idea to brush up on your winch safety skills. A recovery winch is a powerful tool that should be handled with respect.

1. Keep your distance.

Always stand clear of the rope, hook, and winch. Although it’s unlikely that the winch or cable will fail, it’s best to make sure that you and others are out of harm’s way.

2. Watch your fingers.

Keep clear of the winch, taut wire rope, and hook when operating the recovery winch. Never put your finger through the hook. If your finger gets caught in the hook, you could lose your finger. Always use the hook strap to guide the wire rope in or out.

3. Take breaks.

If the motor becomes uncomfortably hot to the touch, stop and let it cool down for a few minutes. Don’t continue to power the winch if the motor stalls, and do not exceed the maximum line pull rating for the winch. Shock loads must not exceed this rating.

4. Avoid accidents.

Make sure the winch clutch is disengaged when not in use to prevent unintentional starting. The clutch should be fully engaged when in use.

5. Check for damage.

Before using your recovery winch, you should check the winch housing and cable for any signs of damage. If you see damage, do not use the winch. Repair or replace the winch before using again.

6. Watch your hands.

Wear leather gloves when handling the winch cable and when respooling. Don’t let the cable slide through your hands. Sharp burrs can cut through the gloves and rip up your hands. Be careful not to approach the winch too closely. On hidden winches, spool in the cable under power, but keep your hands clear of the opening.

Winch Recovery Pulling

Jeep Recovery Winch

Make sure the wire rope does not pile up on one side of the drum.

After you rig up your winch and double check the anchor point and rigging, it’s time for the pull. Here are some tips on safely recovering another vehicle.

  1. Clear the area of bystanders. Don’t let anyone stand behind or in front of the vehicle(s). Ask bystanders to stand clear of the wire rope and snatch block. When determining “no people” zones, err on the side of caution. Better safe than sorry.
  2. Communicate your actions. If you are winching with the help of others, communicate your intentions clearly. Use hand signals to communicate between the driver/winch operator and the assistant. The driver should be able to clearly see the assistant at all times.
  3. Check the wire rope. As you winch, make sure the cable doesn’t pile up on one side of the drum. If it piles up high enough, it can damage your rope or winch.
  4. Keep it slow and steady. With a certain amount of tension already in the wire rope, begin winching slowly and steadily. If needed, the vehicle being winched can be cautiously driven as the winch pulls. Continue pulling until the vehicle is on stable ground and can be driven without assistance from the recovery winch.
  5. Secure the vehicle. Put the recovered vehicle in park or low gear, and release the tension in the cable.

Winch Recovery Rigging

Winch Recovery Kit

Winch Recovery Kit

Knowing how to rig up for a pull is important for the protection of yourself, those around you, and your vehicle and equipment. Even if the pull is relatively light, don’t compromise your safety by rushing the recovery process or rigging up improperly. Here is a basic outline of the steps involved in rigging up your winch for recovery.

  1. Wear gloves. Before handling wire cable, dig out a pair of thick leather gloves from your winch recovery kit. They could save your hands from a few burrs, cuts, and slices.
  2. Move the clutch to the free spool position. This lets you spool out as much cable as you need for the recovery, without using up your battery power. Make sure the clutch is fully disengaged before free spooling.
  3. Grab the hook strap. If the hook strap is not attached, free the winch hook and attach the hook before free spooling. Holding on to the strap prevents your fingers from getting caught in the winch hook or fairlead opening and protects your hands from the wire rope.
  4. Spool out the cable. Make sure you spool out enough wire to power the pull. The more cable you unwind, the more power you will get from your winch. Leave at least 4-5 wraps on the drum to keep the cable from coming off the drum.
  5. Rig up to the anchor point. Use a tree strap or choker chain (depending on what your anchor point is) to secure the cable to the anchor point. Do NOT wrap the cable around the object and hook it back onto itself. Use a D-shackle to attach the cable to the two ends of the tree strap or choker chain.
  6. Engage the clutch. Rotate the clutch lever to the engage position to power in the cable.
  7. Attach the remote control, if needed. If you are using a corded remote, plug the remote into the winch. Keep the cord from getting tangled up in the cable or winch.
  8. Power in the slack. Put some tension on the rope by pulsing the remote and powering in slowly until all the slack is out of the rope. Once the rope is under tension, never step over it.
  9. Double check your anchor. Check all of your connections and equipment to make sure they are secure before starting the pull.
  10. Lay a weight over the rope. Use a moving blanket, back pack, tree limb, or other heavy object to keep the wire rope from snapping in case it breaks.

Once the area is clear of bystanders, you are ready to start winching!

Winching Techniques: Use a Pulley Block to Double Pulling Power

Pulley block

Using a pulley block can give you almost double the pulling power.

Pulling power decreases as the number of layers on the winch drum increases. The more winch power you need, the more line you need to spool out.

So what if your anchor point is too close to the recovery vehicle? Or what if you have almost all of the cable spooled out, but you’re still not getting enough power to make the recovery?

A snatch block (also called a pulley block) can almost double your winch power. And since it doubles the amount of winch line that you need to spool out, you can choose a closer winch anchor without losing pulling power.

To rig up a double line pull, spool out a few feet of winch line and attach the winch hook to a tow hook or recovery point on the front of your vehicle. Open the snatch block and run the cable through the block. Walk the snatch block and cable out to your anchor point, and secure the snatch block to the anchor point using a clevis and tree strap or chain. Follow proper winching techniques to complete the recovery.

What’s the downside to rigging up a double line pull? A slower recovery. But even a slow recovery is better than leaving your truck in the mud or waiting for someone to come and rescue you.

Offroad Winching and Respooling Tips

Recovery winch accessory kit

Use the leather gloves in your recovery winch accessory kit to respool the cable.

Winching Tips

Observe your winch while winching, if possible, while standing at a safe distance. Stop the winching process every 3 feet or so to make sure that the cable is not piling up in one corner. Jamming the cable against the winch housing can break your winch or damage your cable.

The uneven spooling of cable while pulling a load is not a problem unless there is a cable pileup on one end of the drum. If this happens, reverse the winch to release the tension on the cable and move the anchor point further to the center of the vehicle. After the job is done, you can unspool and rewind for a neat lay of the cable.

Neat, tight spooling prevents cable binding, which is caused when the cable is pinched between other wraps of cable while under load. If this happens, alternately power the winch in and out. Do not attempt to work a bound cable under load; free by hand.

Respooling the Cable

Wear thick leather gloves while respooling to protect your hands. To respool correctly, it is necessary to keep a slight load on the cable. Hold the cable in one hand and the remote control switch in the other. Starting as far back and in the center as possible, walk towards the vehicle, keeping a load on the cable as the winch is powered in.

Do not allow the cable to slide through your hand, and be careful not to approach the winch too closely. When your hand is at least a few feet from the winch, stop powering in. Let go of the cable and walk back to the end of the cable, or as far back as possible, and continue rewinding the cable. Spool the cable in until there is only about 3 feet left in your hand. Disconnect the remote control switch and finish spooling in the cable by rotating the drum manually with the clutch disengaged. Secure the winch hook to an anchor point on the vehicle to prevent the hook from getting caught in the fairlead or rattling around while you drive. On hidden winches, spool in the cable under power but keep your hands clear of the winch.

Winching a Dead Log Off the Trail

Winching

Moving a log with your winch gives you more control and direction.

If you ride much in the woods, sooner or later you’re going to end up with a fallen log blocking the trail. At that point, it’s either turn around and go back the way you came, or drag the log off to the side. That’s where a winch comes in handy.

An ATV or recovery winch is good for more than just getting you out when you’re stuck. You can also put it to work moving logs, firewood, and other heavy objects. The key is to rig it up properly so that your winch cable doesn’t get damaged in the process.

In order to rig up for the pull, you’ll need a few winch accessories, including a tree strap or chain and a shackle. Never wrap the winch cable around the log and hook it back on itself. That’s a sure way to ruin the cable. Instead, wrap a tree strap or chain (only use chain for deadwood—never for live trees!) around the log and connect the strap to the winch hook on the cable by using a shackle. You may need to dig underneath the log a bit to get the strap around the trunk.

You can change the angle of the pull by rigging up a pulley block and tree strap to a good, solid tree nearby that gives you the angle you need. Instead of dragging the log straight towards your vehicle, you can drag it at an angle off to the side of the trail.

If the fallen log is a long timber wedged between two trees, it may be impossible to move the log without cutting it. In addition, you’ll want to take into consideration the environmental impact (i.e. you don’t want to kill 20 saplings just to move a dead log) and the federal, state, or local rules that may apply to the trail you are riding. Take time to assess the situation before rigging up your winch. Safety is always your first priority.

Respooling Winch Cable

Recovery winch

Respool under load to make the cable tight.

After you use your winch, it’s important to make sure you respool the cable so that it’s tight. If the cable is spooled too loosely, the strands can intermingle and create a “birdsnest” that’s next to impossible to untangle without a headache. Here are a few tips on respooling the winch cable. To respool under load using your vehicle, see this article.

Wear leather gloves to protect your hands while respooling the winch cable. To make the cable spool in tight rows, keep a slight load on the cable during respooling. Hold the cable in one hand and the remote control switch in the other. Start as far back and in the center as you can. Walk towards the winch, keeping load on the cable as the winch is powered in.

Do not allow the cable to slide through your hand—this can burn your hand or tear up your skin from loose barbs and rough spots in the cable. Don’t let your hand get too close to the winch.

Stop powering in the winch when only a few feet of cable is left to spool. Disconnect the remote control switch and finish spooling in the cable by hand. Rotate the drum manually with the clutch disengaged.

On hidden winches, spool in the cable under power, but make sure to keep your hands clear of the winch.

Rigging Up a Winch Snatch Block

Winch snatch block

Make sure your winch snatch block is rated high enough for the force of the pull.

A winch snatch block can come in handy when you need to redirect a pull, rig up a double line pull for more power, or spool out more cable for maximum single-line pulling power. A snatch block is a basic winch tool that every offroader should own. It makes your winch more versatile and can give you the extra power and direction you need to get out safely.

How to Rig Up a Snatch Block

  1. Free the winch hook and feed out several feet of cable.
  2. Attach the winch hook to your vehicle’s tow hook (make sure it is attached to the vehicle frame and not the mounting plate).
  3. To open the snatch block, rotate the side plate until there is opening to attach the cable.
  4. Run the cable through the snatch block so that it fits into the metal groove on the wheel.
  5. Rotate the side plate so that the two side plates are lined up together.
  6. Disengage the clutch and use the snatch block to feed out enough cable to reach your anchor point.
  7. Secure the snatch block to the anchor point by using a tree trunk protector or choker chain and a clevis/shackle.
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Make sure your snatch block is rated for the capacity of the pull. Remember that if you rig up a double line pull, you are asking your snatch block and other rigging parts to handle up to twice the capacity of your winch. If a snatch block breaks under load, it can do an incredible amount of damage. Always take safety precautions and stand clear of the winch line under load.

How to Unbind Pinched Winch Cable

Raider Moab with ProMark Winch

Use your truck or ATV to unbind a pinched winch cable.

If you’ve ever gotten your winch cable pinched between the drum and the rod, you know what a pain it is to dig out. Freespooling won’t get you anywhere, and jerking on it with your hands won’t make it budge. If the cable is pinched tight enough, it’s going to take a lot more power than that.

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Cable binding and pinching can happen for a number of reasons, for example, an off-kilter pull, loose wraps on the drum, or other improper winching techniques. In any of these cases, strands of cable can overlap, crisscross, pile up on one side of the drum, or get pinched in the winch housing.

How to Unbind Winch Cable

If the winch cable gets hopelessly pinched, to the point where freespooling is impossible, the first thing to try is to hook the winch cable to a tree or anchor point and pull it loose. Use a tree strap to attach the cable to the anchor point. Then back up the ATV or truck while powering out the winch. If that doesn’t work, try powering the winch in while you maintain backwards pressure with the vehicle.

Keep Safety in Mind

If the cable does not come loose right away, try powering in and out a few more times, but don’t work at it so long and hard that you damage the winch or vehicle. And don’t throw safety precautions out the wind. All the same winch safety rules still apply. Don’t jerk the cable. It’s not designed to withstand shock forces. Also, keep bystanders well away from the winching operation. Severe pinching and binding can weaken the cable and make it more susceptible to break. Use extreme caution when attempting to free a pinched winch cable.

Other Suggestions for Untangling Winch Cable

If pulling the cable out with your ATV or truck doesn’t work, you’re basically left with the option of taking your winch off the vehicle or trying to free the cable with a screwdriver or other tools. If your winch is behind the bumper, you may not be able to reach it with tools unless you remove the bumper and winch.

Once you get the cable loose, spool the line all the way out and inspect the cable for weak spots, snapped wires, or permanent kinks. Flex the cable to remove any temporary kinks or compression. Replace the cable if there is any sign of damage. Then respool the cable with the proper tension in tight, even layers.

Winch Rigging: Straight Line Pull

Winching Tip of the Week from ProMark Offroad

16K Snatch Block

Use a snatch block to straighten the pull as needed.

Winching Tip of the Week: Always avoid continuous side pulls. The rope can pile up on one side of the drum, possibly damaging your winch or rope.

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Try to rig up the pull so that the recovery vehicle or anchor point is directly in line with the stuck vehicle. Make the pull as straight as possible, and any angle pulls should be no more than about 30 degrees to either side. With a straight pull, the rope should spool evenly and neatly from side to side on the drum.

If the winch rope begins to pile up on one side of the drum or gets tangled up, stop winching and spool the line back out. Re-spool the line in straight and even rows; then continue winching.

If you get stuck in a situation where a straight line pull is impossible, use a snatch block to redirect the line. A snatch block lets you change the pulling direction and guide the rope straight into the winch.